Kristine Hwang
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Metandienone Wikipedia
Metandienone
Overview
Metandienone (also known as 1‑androstene‑3,17-dione) is a synthetic anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) derived from the natural hormone testosterone. It was first synthesized in the early 1960s and has been used clinically for conditions such as anemia and muscle wasting, though its medical use has largely declined due to side effects and the availability of safer alternatives.
Chemical Structure
IUPAC name: 1‑androstene‑3,17-dione
Molecular formula: C₁₈H₂₆O₂
Key functional groups: Two ketone (carbonyl) groups at positions 3 and 17 on the steroid nucleus.
The presence of these carbonyl groups makes the molecule more lipophilic and alters its metabolism compared to other steroids lacking them.
Pharmacological Properties
Property Details
Mechanism of Action Binds to glucocorticoid receptors in target tissues, modulating gene transcription. Inhibits inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β).
Therapeutic Uses Treatment of severe allergies, asthma exacerbations, and other inflammatory conditions.
Administration Routes Oral tablets, rectal suppositories, transdermal patches.
Metabolism Predominantly hepatic; subject to conjugation (glucuronidation) for excretion.
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5. How the Chemical Structure Influences Function
Structural Feature Functional Impact
Carboxylic Acid Group Enables formation of salts, enhancing solubility and absorption. Facilitates interaction with acidic environments (e.g., stomach).
Phenyl Ring Provides hydrophobicity; contributes to binding affinity with protein targets via π-π stacking or hydrophobic pockets.
Methoxy Substituent Electron-donating effect increases electron density on the ring, potentially enhancing binding interactions and metabolic stability by steric hindrance against enzymatic attack.
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FAQ: Understanding the Molecular Profile
Q1: What is a "molecular formula"?
A: It’s a concise way to describe which atoms are in a molecule and how many of each. For example, `C6H8O3` tells us there are 6 carbon atoms, 8 hydrogens, and 3 oxygens.
Q2: How do we interpret the structural formula?
A: The formula shows how atoms connect. In our molecule, the carbons (C) form a chain of six with bonds to oxygen (O) groups that act as functional parts like alcohols or acids.
Q3: Why are "functional groups" important?
A: They determine how molecules behave in reactions—whether they can dissolve in water, react with other chemicals, or bind to biological targets.
Q4: What does the formula tell us about solubility?
A: The presence of oxygen atoms (hydroxyl groups) suggests it can form hydrogen bonds with water, making it more soluble than a purely hydrocarbon chain.
Q5: How might we modify this molecule to change its properties?
A: Adding or removing functional groups, or changing their positions, could alter acidity/basicity, hydrophobicity, and reactivity—useful for tailoring molecules in drug design or material science.
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4. Summary
Extract the formula: Read through the text to find a string that looks like a chemical formula (letters, numbers).
Count atoms:
- Use the `re` module (`findall`) to split the formula into groups of element symbols and optional counts.
- Convert each count to an integer (default 1 if missing) and sum per element in a dictionary.
Print or return the atom counts.
This approach works for simple formulas such as "C₂H₅OH" or "CH₃COOH", giving you a quick way to see how many of each element are present.
